At the end of the Israeli War of Independence in 1949, Jerusalem was a divided city. The western half of the city was under Israeli control and the eastern half, including the Old City and the Temple Mount, was under Jordanian control. For nineteen years until 1967, the city was divided—and the holy sites in eastern Jerusalem were desecrated, destroyed, and set off limits to the Jewish people.
Then, on June 7, 1967—amid the Six Day War—Israel reunified Jerusalem. It marked a decisive change in the life of the Holy City.
In 1980, the Israeli Parliament declared the City of Jerusalem to be the undivided, eternal capital of the State of Israel, established as such by King David almost 3,000 years earlier. Protest erupted in many corners of the international community and the 13 nations that maintained embassies in Jerusalem closed their doors. In response, the Christian world joined together and founded the International Christian Embassy Jerusalem. The goal was simple: to speak words of comfort and support to Israel in recognition of the significance of Jerusalem to the Jewish people.
On May 14, 2018, the 70th anniversary of the creation of the modern State of Israel, the Trump administration broke the stalemate and opened the US Embassy in Jerusalem. It was relocated from its previous site in Tel Aviv in recognition that Jerusalem is the capital of Israel. While the US Congress had called for this relocation in the 1995 Jerusalem Embassy act, each American President since had waived the bill’s implementation thus delaying recognition of Jerusalem as the capital of the Jewish State. Since then, many other countries have followed and moved their embassies to Jerusalem, including Guatemala, Kosovo, Honduras, and Papua New Guinea.
Jerusalem has been a central focus of Judaism for more than three millennia.
- Jews have maintained a continuous presence in Jerusalem for more than 3,000 years and have been the majority religious group in the city for the last 150 years.
- There are nearly 700 mentions of Jerusalem in the Hebrew Bible.
- More than a hundred generations of dispersed Jews prayed three times a day to return to Jerusalem following their expulsion by the Romans in AD 70.
Jews, Christians, and Muslims alike suffered when Jordan controlled East Jerusalem.
- Jordan's restrictive laws on Christian institutions led to a dramatic decline in the holy city's Christian population by more than half—from 25,000 in 1948 to 11,000 in 1967.
- Israeli Christians were only permitted to visit their holy sites once a year, on Christmas.
- Israeli Muslims were banned from visiting the Islamic holy shrines.
- Jews were banned from visiting the Western Wall, the holiest prayer site in Judaism. They were also denied access to the Temple Mount—the site of the Second Temple. Jordanian soldiers desecrated the Mount of Olives—an ancient Jewish cemetery and holy site for Christians—using tombstones from the site to build latrines. They could not even enter East Jerusalem.
- As soon as the Jordanians conquered Jerusalem's Jewish Quarter, they blew up more than 50 synagogues, including the Hurva synagogue, the most prominent temple in Jerusalem for more than 300 years. All Jews were forced out of the Jewish Quarter where they had lived for generations.
Jerusalem has thrived as a united, prosperous, and free city under Israeli control, where all faiths are guaranteed unimpeded access to their Holy Sites and all residents are guaranteed political rights.
- Today Arab's represent one-fifth of Israel's population or 20% of Israel's population (about 2 million people).
- Jerusalem's population is 62% Jewish, 36% Arab, and 2% non-Arab Christian and other groups. Israel's parliament passed a law protecting all holy places and ensuring open access to worshipers and tourists of all nationalities and religions.
- Israel grants Muslim and Christian religious authorities responsibility for managing their holy sites. Today, the Temple Mount—Israel's holiest site—remains under the administration of Muslim religious authorities. Numerous studies have shown that the current Arab residents in East Jerusalem would choose to live under Israeli sovereignty, not Palestinian sovereignty, if the city were ever divided in a peace deal. In fact, many are applying for Israeli citizenship, making it clear they would rather live under Israel rule than Arab rule.
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